PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF WHEAT IN RAINFED AREAS OF PUNJAB

SEED TREATMENT FOR DISEASES

Mon, 05 Jun 2017 07:39:31 GMT

Wheat has a number of prominent diseases like rust, smut and kernel bunt are more damaging. In the cropping season 2012-13, farmers had to face losses due to these diseases so they should use resistant seeds against these varieties. The seeds should also be treated with some fungicide before sowing.

USE OF FERTILIZERS

Mon, 05 Jun 2017 07:39:27 GMT

Phosphorus is an essential element for wheat, it stimulates increase in the root length, provide strength to tillers, thickens the grain and stimulate immunity against many diseases. So the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus should be 1:1.5, this means 1.5 bags of DAP and 1.5 bags of urea should be used. If phosphorus is used in lesser quantity, it weakens the plant, the plant remains green, the crop takes more time for ripening and the immunity against diseases also declines. So, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus is very important. It can guarantee an increase of about 5-10 mand per acre.

WEEDING

Mon, 05 Jun 2017 07:39:23 GMT

Weed eradication from the field is one of the methods to increase the production from the same piece of land. According to an estimate, wheat production can be increased 14-42% if the weeds are properly eradicated from the field. Following strategies can be opted for weed management;

HIGH SEEDRATE

If the seed rate is high, it means there will be more plants per acre and more competition for the weeds and less nutrients for them. So the weeds can lose in this competition.

BAR HARROW

If it rains withing 18-20 days of sowing, then bar harrow should be used twice in the field. It is one of the best methods of weed control. Wattar condition also prolongs if such method is followed.

HOEING

Manual weeding with khurpa and kasola in the dry field is also very effective method in controlling the weeds but only if enough labor is available.

PRODUCTION OF PURE SEED FOR FUTURE USE

Each farmer should try to produce his own seed for future use. And to get pure, healthy and quality seed, the farmer should follow these instructions carefully;

Only the recommended varieties should be cultivated.
Plants of other varieties should be uprooted from the field.
Plant with smut disease should be uprooted; put in some bags and removed from the wheat field. Such plants should be buried in the soil away from the cultivated lands.
Irrigation and fertilizer requirements of the fields intended for seed production should be fulfilled at all times and at all cost.
Different varieties of wheat should be cultivated in different plots.
The thresher should be cleaned before and after threshing of every different variety of wheat to maintain varietal purity.
Name of the variety should be written on the bags.
The moisture contents of the seeds for storage should not be more than 10%.
Seed should be stored in well lighted and ventilated storehouse.