Turnip
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About
Importance and Introduction
Turnip's native place is Europe and its English name is Turnip and its scientific name is Brassica napus var napa. In Gujranwala, Faisalabad and Sargodha, turnip is cultivated on more area than other districts of Punjab. Turnips are very important from a medical point of view. Apart from this, the use of turnips in the diet can reduce lung cancer, diabetes and heart disease to a great extent.
Area, total production and average production in Punjab in the last five years
year |
Area |
Total Production |
Average Production |
|||
|
|
thousand hectares |
thousand acres |
thousand tons |
kilograms per hectare |
Maund (37.3242 kg) per acre |
Maund(40 kg) per acre |
|
2016-17 |
9.336 |
23.070 |
178.463 |
19116 |
207.26 |
193.39 |
|
2017-18 |
9.068 |
22.408 |
172.470 |
19019 |
206.21 |
192.42 |
|
2018-19 |
8.926 |
22.058 |
170.676 |
19121 |
207.31 |
193.44 |
|
2019-20 |
3.086 |
7.627 |
62.763 |
20334 |
220.47 |
205.73 |
|
2020-21 |
3.505 |
8.660 |
80.452 |
22957 |
248.91 |
232.25 |
Climate
The turnip crop prefers relatively cold and temperate weather. The months of September and October are best suited for the cultivation of turnips. The main precaution is that the varieties of turnips should be applied to their recommended time of cultivation, otherwise there will not be much yield and the growth and quality of the turnip root will also not be good. In this way, when choosing the varieties of turnips, keep in mind the type of land and the area of cultivation. Early cultivation of turnip should be done on fertile and preferably on the area near the river, canal or rajbah. The following is a list of suitable varieties discovered for different months or seasons.
Number Count |
Types |
Time to cultivate |
Bear time |
Features |
|
1 |
Agita Purple Top |
July. August |
during 55-50 days. |
Tolerates heat. The skin is ready. |
|
2 |
Purple Top |
September |
60-55 days later |
Stays in the field for a long time. Has more production |
|
3 |
Golden |
October |
65-55 days later |
The food is delicious. Has more production |
Seeds
For the early crop, if sowing is intended to be done through chopa or kera, then the seed rate should be 1 to 1.5 kg per acre and in the case of the sixth, 2 to 3 kg per acre. Use 2.0 to 2.5 kg seed per acre in sowing in both ways for seasonal crop.
Cultivation
Preparation of Land
In order to get a good yield of turnip, it is very important to smooth the field because high water in low-lying areas and less water in high places adversely affects seed growth, growth and production. Therefore, the field should be completely leveled after deep ploughing in the field or regular ploughing twice. It is better to do leveling with laser land leveler. After this, the entire street of cow dung should be mixed in the field by scattering 15-10 tons per acre equally and along with ploughing, the ground should be made very soft and full by giving good support or finally by running a rota waiter.
Diseases
Pests
Weed Control
Pruning should be done when the third or fourth leaf of the turnip plant begins to grow. In a crop done at a distance of 5-4 cm, one plant should be removed by leaving one plant per chop and in the banana crop in the lines, leaving a healthy plant at a distance of 7-6 cm. The pruning process should be completed as soon as possible because timely pruning makes the root thick and beautiful. Prune when the plants start growing in the July and August crop, as the plants are often likely to be affected or die due to heat. Keep in mind that at least two knives should be done to the shaljam crop so that the weeds can be eliminated and after the second tillage, add the second installment of nitrogen fertilizer, which will make the yield good and the turnips beautiful. Do not use any poison without the advice of experts for the elimination of herbs.
Irrigation
The first water should be applied very carefully immediately after sowing in such a way that the water remains below the tracks i.e. the seed place and only moisture reaches the seed. If the water climbs on the tracks, the surface of the earth becomes hard, affecting the growth and the root of the turnip will also not be good. The method of applying water to convey adequate moisture is to first keep the water 7-6 cm below the seed site. After an hour or two, when enough water is absorbed into the ground, apply so much water again. First, most of the water is absorbed into the skins, while the moisture of the latter water reaches the top even between the ridges.
Fertilizers
Use of chemical fertilizers
Crop Type |
Nutrients (kg per acre) |
Amount of fertilizer (bags per acre) |
|||
|
|
Nitrogen |
Phosphorus |
Potash |
At the time of sowing |
Second Dose |
|
seasonal crop |
20 |
23 |
25 |
One bag of DAP and one bag of SOP |
Half bag of urea after 25 to 40 days |
|
early crop |
20 |
23 |
37.5 |
One bag of DAP and one and a half bas of SOP |
Half bag urea after 20 to 25 days |
Note
According to the requirement of the crop, one sack of urea per acre can be used in the second installment.
Harvesting
Turnips should be harvested according to the type. The Agaita Purple Top should be tolerated within 55 to 60 days, otherwise the turnips become hollow from inside and their price is low in the market. The previous type of golden should be harvested before 60 to 65 days.