Jamun

Seed rate:

One seed per pit is used.

Seed treatment:

To protect crops from soil-borne diseases and pests, before sowing does seed treatment with Bavistin. After chemical treatment seeds are air dried and are used for sowing

PROPAGATION:

The plant is raised mainly through grafting or seeds

NURSERY MANAGEMENT AND TRANSPLANTING:

Sow Jamun seeds on raised beds having convenient length and are 4-5cm deep. After sowing beds are covered with thin cloth to retain moisture. To protect crop form virus attack the seeds are first treated with Bavistin. Germination starts within 10-15 days from sowing

Pits are dug before monsoon or spring season. Pits are dug with convenient measurements i.e., 1m x 1m x 1m. On these prepared pits transplanting is done.

Transplanting is mainly done in next monsoon when the seedlings have 3-4 leaves. Water seedling beds 24hours before transplanting so that seedlings can be easily uprooted and be turgid at transplanting time

Land preparation:

For Jamun plantation, it requires well-prepared land. To bring soil to good level, plough land once. Then pits are dug and are filled with Farm Yard Manure in the ratio of 3:1. Transplantation of seedlings is done on raised beds

Time of sowing:

It is planted in both spring and monsoon seasons. In the spring season, it is planted in the month of February-March and in the monsoon season it is planted in the month of July-August.

Spacing:

For seedling trees, spacing of 10m on both ways is recommended and for budded seedlings, spacing of 8m on both ways is recommended

Sowing depth:

The sowing depth should be 4-5cm

Method of sowing:

Direct sowing is done by seeds. The grafting method is also used.

Diseases and their control.:

Anthracnose:

It causes leaf spots, defoliation and dieback disease in the crop. If infestation is observed take spray of Zineb 75WP@400gm or M-45@400gm per acre in 150 ltr of water. Flower and fruit drop: In this the flower and fruits get drop early without maturing. This will result in low yield. Spraying of Gibberellic acid 3 is done two times, one when full bloom occurs and next after 15 days of interval when fruit set.

• Jamun leaf caterpillar:

The leaf caterpillar will affect the crop by feeding itself on leaves.

Control:

To get rid of caterpillar pest spraying of Dimethoate 30 EC @1.2ml/liter should be done

• Bark eating caterpillar:

The caterpillar will affect the crop by eating the bark of the tissue

Control:

Spraying of Rogor30 EC@3ml/ltr or Malathion 50 EC @3ml/ltr of water is done at the time of flowering to get rid from the Bark-eating caterpillar.

• Jamun leaf roller:

The leaf roller will affect the crop by rolling the leaves.

Control:

Treatment with Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @2ml/ltr or Endosulfan 35 EC @2ml/ltr is done to cure from leaf roller pest

• Leaf Webber:

The leaf Webber with affects the crop by eating leaves and buds.

Control:

Treatment with Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @2ml/ltr or Endosulfan 35 EC @2ml/ltr is done to get rid of leaf Webber.

Regular irrigation at regular interval of time is necessary for this plant. Light irrigation is necessary immediately after manuring. For young plant it requires 6-8 irrigations and for mature plant it requires 5-6 irrigations. Along with regular irrigations, once irrigation is required in the month of September – October for good bud growth and one is required in the month of May – June for good fruit growth. If drought occurs for long time then life-saving irrigation is given.

Apply well rotten Farmyard manure or compost @20-25kg/plant/year in pre bearing period. The FYM dose should be increased when plants get mature i.e. 50-60kg/plant/year is given. Apply fertilizer dose of Nitrogen @500g/plant/year, potassium @600g/plant/year and potash@300g/plant/year is given to grown up trees.

Harvesting is mainly done daily after the fruit matures. Harvesting is mainly done by the climb pickers. The fruit which is blackish purple in color is chosen for harvesting. While harvesting care should be taken to avoid any injury to fruit. For processing and seed extraction purpose, fully ripe fruits with soft flesh are used.

POST-HARVEST:

After harvesting, grading is done. Then fruits are packed in Bamboo baskets or crates or wooden boxes. To increase the self-life of Jamun they are kept at a low temperature. Perfect packing and quick transport are done for less spoilage of fruits. From fruits, various products like vinegar, capsules, seed powder, jams, jellies, and squashes are made after processing.