Peas
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About
Peas have been cultivated in the Indian Subcontinent since ancient times. And they are being used as food in different ways. Most are eaten fresh as a vegetable. They are also used canned or frozen. Peas are rich in protein and can make up for the lack of meat in our diet. Apart from protein, lime, iron, phosphorus, vitamin A, C, riboflavin, thiamine and niacin are also found in sufficient quantity in peas which are very important to maintain health. The pea crop grows best in moderate cold weather. Its plants are very drought tolerant. But the flower and small pods are severely damaged by scab. Pea seeds require a minimum temperature of (4°C) for germination. But the best seed germination is at 24-21 degrees Celsius. If the temperature of the earth is more than 27 centigrade, then the germination of the seed is done. But the plants are usually susceptible to the blight disease.
Seeds
Types:
(1) Meteor:
It is the most widely grown type of pea. Plants are short in stature, dark green pods 8-9 cm long and each pod has five or six seeds. Ripe seeds are round and green. The first harvest is obtained after fifty days of sowing.
2) Samrina Zard:
It is also an agaiti variety of pea. Plants are of medium height. The pods are light green in color and 5-6 cm long. Each pod has an average of five to six seeds. The six pods are thin. This variety fetches good price in the market. The mature seed is round and slightly smaller. The first harvest is obtained after 50 days of sowing. This type of yield is higher than other types of Agaiti.
3) Climax:
It is a high yielding medium variety of peas. The plants are of medium height. The pods are about 8 cm long average per pod
There are seven or eight grains. Mature seeds are ripe and green in color. The crop sown in late October bears fruit in February-March. The yield is higher than other medium season varieties. Hence it is popular among farmers.
Land preparation and method:
Fertile mine land with adequate drainage is best for growing peas. For the cultivation of peas, generally the field is not fertilized with dung, but the cultivation is done after such a crop which has been fertilized with 10-15 tons of dung. If the field is not very fertile and peas are to be cultivated in it, one month before cultivation, add 10-15 tons of dung manure and irrigate the field. When watar comes, plough and plank again. Pea cultivars are generally short in stature. Therefore, they are sown at a distance of 75 cm on both sides of the tracks. Before making tracks, spread 4 sac of superphosphate and one bag of ammonium sulfate and one bag of potassium sulfate fertilizers in the field. Seasonal and late season varieties of medium height should be sown on both sides of the tracks at a distance of one meter. About 35-40 kg of seed per acre is used for Agaiti varieties. And 25-30 kg seed per acre of medium season and late season varieties is sufficient. Taller varieties should be sown at a distance of one and a half meters apart from the edge of the track and the plants should be supported by cotton plants or tree branches when growing. About 25-20 kg of seed per acre is used for these varieties. Pea seeds should be sown three centimeters deep on both sides of the tracks and irrigation should be done carefully so that the water does not get on the tracks, otherwise the soil becomes hard if it becomes clod and the seed does not grow. A distance of 4-5 cm between sweet pea plants and 8 cm between medium or late pea plants is suitable. In case of dense growth, do proper pruning. In areas where there is more rain in February and March, support should also be provided to medium and late types of peas so that the beans do not get damaged. In areas with low rainfall, peas can be cultivated on well-drained land by kera or pora and on wet land. Peas are grown on flat land in dry climates for seed production.
Cultivation
Diseases
Leaf spot.
Symptoms:
Small moist spots start to appear on the leaves which later turn yellow and later turn brown.
Remedy:
As soon as the disease appears, spray the following fungicides at intervals of 5 days keeping in mind the principle of alternation so that the plant is completely soaked with the fungicide poison. Copper oxychloride 300 grams per acre, Tabuconazol plus TrifloksiStroban 70g per acre, Azoxystroban plus Propyconazol 250ml per acre, Difenoconazole plus Propiconazole 150g per acre, Sulfur 800ml, Thiophenate Methyl plus Chlorothelonal 300g,
Disease: Vegetables.
Symptoms:
The cause of this disease is a nematode. The height of the plant remains small. The leaves look yellow. The plants look wilted and also cause transmission of other pathogens such as wilt and downy mildew.
Remedy:
For the prevention of rust, use carbofuran at the rate of 8 kg per acre or kadosafos at the rate of 12 kg per acre.
Disease:
Seed blight/ Seedling wilt.
Symptoms:
This fungus is the cause of seed blight. The plant does not grow from the seed or dies as soon as it emerges.
Remedy:
Do not sow in the affected field. Nasol 700 ml, fusityl aluminum 1.5 kg per acre, thiophenate methyl plus chlorine and thilonal 1.5 kg.
Pests
Name Worm:
Thief Worm
Symptoms of damage:
This insect attacks many vegetables. It is active from October to May. It damages small plants by cutting them at night. It eats less and causes more damage. They are hidden.
Chemical/Non-Chemical Countermeasures:
Install light traps to kill moths. Modify the fields as much as possible. Water the crop in case of infestation. Keep the field free from weeds. Make piles of dead vegetables and leaves on which the mites will accumulate and then destroy them. In case of attack, carbarryl 10% calculated as 3 to 5 kg or Permethrin 0.5% at the rate of 3 kg mixed with 10 to 15 kg of ash or sand or soil and washed in the field or Lambdacyhalothrin at the rate of 300 ml per acre is sprayed in the evening.
Herbicide prevention:
After irrigation, the crops grow. To compensate them, one should do tillage two or three times. And while planting, the plants should be covered with soil. Plants should be inclined towards the track.
Weed Control
Irrigation
Peas require less water than other vegetables. Agaiti cultivated crop should be given four to five irrigations every week initially, later the interval can be increased to fourteen days. A crop grown on flat land requires three to four irrigations throughout the season.
Fertilizers
Irrigation, drainage and chemical fertilizers:
Add one sack of ammonium nitrate on the third watering. Later on, on the second or third harvest, if the condition of the crop is weak, add half a sack of urea per acre. Do not apply fertilizer to the leaves as it burns the leaves and damages the plant
Harvesting
Peas should be grown in a single block away from the trees. It is not necessary to determine the exact time of maturity for the tolerance of peas. When the pods are of proper size, dark and green in color and filled with kernels, they should be harvested otherwise their nutritional value is affected. When picking beans, be careful not to damage the vines. If picking peas from the home garden, pick them a little before cooking to preserve their nutritional value.